Notes from pg 582-589

1) A magnetic field is the distribution of a magnetic force in the region of a magnet.

2) Similar magnetic poles, north and north or south and south, repel one another with a force at a distance. Dissimilar poles, north and south or south and north, attract one another with a force at a distance.

3) To map a magnetic field, we use a test compass. A test compass is a compass that is used to check for the presence of a magnetic field.

4) Field lines show the direction in which the north seeking pole of this test compass would point at that point in space.

5) Earth acts like a giant permanent magnet creating its own magnetic field. It is suggested that Earth's magnetic field is produced because of the flow of hot liquid metals inside the Earth.

6) Metals such as iron, nickel, cobalt, or mixtures of these three that attract magnets are known as ferromagnetic metals. Ferromagnetic elements have an atomic structure that seems to make them strongly magnetic.
7) Domain theory of magnets: All large magnets are made up of many smaller and rotatable magnets, called dipoles, which can interact with other dipoles close by. If dipoles line up, then a small magnetic domain is produced.
8) Oersted's Principle: Charge moving through a conductor produces a circular magnetic field around the conductor.

9) Right-hand rule #1 (RHR#1) for conventional current flow: Grasp the conductor with the thumb of the right hand pointing in the direction of conventional, or positive (+), current flow. The curved fingers point in the direction of the magnetic field around the conductor. 

10) Right-hand #2 (RHR#2) for conventional current flow: Grasp the coiled conductor with the right hand such that curved fingers point in the direction of the conventional, or positive (+), current flow. The thumb points in the direction of the magnetic field within the coil. Outside the coil, the thumb represents the north (N) end of the electromagnet produced by the coil.

11) RHR#2 predicts the relationship between the direction of conventional current flow in a coil and the direction of the magnetic field at the end of the electromagnet.
12) Electromagnet is a coil of wire around a soft iron core, which uses electric current to produce a magnetic field.